The Canadian government has filed a NAFTA dispute against America’s subsidy decision against Canada’s groundwood paper exports. That puts a spotlight on the Chapter 19 process just as it becomes a contentious point in ongoing negotiations and is arguably unnecessary given the U.S. ITC has already ruled the duties are not needed. U.S. imports from Canada have rebounded recently with a 19% rise in the three months to July 31. Yet half of that recovery was driven by higher import values per ton and imports have fallen 36% annually over the past three years.