Container shipping lines including Maersk and MSC have started to apply “War Risk Premium” surcharges on shipping to Venezuela following a tightening of sanctions by the U.S. Venezuelen importers can ill-afford the extra costs after containerized freight imports to Venezuela fell 48.3% year over year in 2018. The largest industry for imports in 2018 was capital goods, accounting for 36.2% of the total, including shipments for oil firm PdVSA and developer Schlumberger. Small products imported include plastics for PepsiCo.